F421 research positioning LoopSCC: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02863 General motivation for compositional reasoning about complex loop SCCs. Automatic Partial Loop Summarization in Dynamic Test Generation: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/automatic-partial-loop-summarization-in-dynamic-test-generation/ Prior partial-summary direction based on guards and induction relations. LLVM Language Reference: https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html Authoritative icmp, select, poison and integer wrap semantics. Local claim boundary: F421 is a finite, two-level, affine-address and affine-leaf Decision DAG proof language. It is not a general LoopSCC implementation and does not yet replace loop execution. Executable replacement is staged separately under the F421 refinement contract as F422/F423.